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Wednesday, April 29, 2009

Video FAQ

Updated 27th May 2009

XVID is also DivX compatible. Xvid encoded files can be written to a CD or DVD and played in a DivX compatible DVD player. However, Xvid can optionally encode video with advanced features that most DivX Certified set-top players do not support. Files encoded with global motion compensation, Qpel, MPEG quantization, multiple B-frames or files that exceed the VBV limitations may not play back properly on DivX Certified hardware devices. The DivX Codec which has become popular due to its ability to compress lengthy video segments into small sizes while maintaining relatively high visual quality. Thus making it possible to have 4 to 6 movie in one 4.7 gigabytes single-layer DVDR disc.


See Magic DVD Ripper - Able to compress the DVD from a 4.5GB to 700MB, which fits perfectly in a CD. Key Features of Magic DVD Ripper:
Convert DVD to DivX or other AVI formats/compressed AVI (XVID). Useful for AVI_ReComp (See Below) require AVI formats/compressed AVI (XVID) which create a new avi file with hard-subs.
Also see alltoavi which is a tool to convert especially ogm and mkv files to avi, with subtitle and audio track selection, video resizing, bitrate selection and codec selection. It is centered around mencoder, with a commandline tool as well as a GUI for Windows. Supported conversions

* OGM to avi with subtitle and audio
* MKV to avi with subtitle and audio
* VOB to avi with audio [SUB not tested]
* AVI to avi
* WMV to avi
* RM/RMVB to avi
* MOV to avi
* MPEG (all) to avi
* H.264
* AAC audio
* Full list

Convert Create Hard Subs with Xilisoft Ultimate.AR 720X480 Advanced setting:Resolution Stretch or full screen to TV size, Video Quality normal @ 1500 birate , Zoom = full. The hard subs reproduce by Xilisoft Ultimate is rather big though.


[See ConvertXtoDVD for soft subs]

DVDshrink DVD vob to get non split single title (from ConvertXtoDVD)

Recommended video birate at 1500 to avoid mosiac. File size is larger. Though from good video source 750 to 1000 birate is ok.



How to create multiple subs?





Multiple steps to create multi-audio, multi-subtitle DIVX from DVD

Project:- AVI from DVDs with two audio streams (English and Japanese) and two subtitles (English and Japanese)
1. Fairuse Wizard 2.9.
----- Use µTorrent file download
------- Homepage for Free FairUse Wizard (Light Edition)

-Create a new project in Fairuse Wizard 2.9.
-Choose the appropriate stream.
-Allow it to capture the stream to my hard drive.
-Auto set the cropping region.
-Check "Include subpicture" (English) and "Extract it."
-Autodetect Native Mode or IVTC.
-Choose DIVX *
-Choose size to approximately 10x the minutes runtime. So if the video is 2 hours, I choose 1200 MB.
-Choose "Two pass."
-Set encoding speed all the way to the right (quality).
-Add audio streams such that I have both English and Japanese. Set them to MP3 at 160 kb/s.
-Check "Use TV Mode."
-Use the suggested resolution size.
-Defer processing.
-Follow all of the same steps again except this time choose to extract Japanese subtitles. **
-Defer processing.
-Allow both sessions to process.

2. SubToSup 0.9 Beta *** Developer:Huisendobler
-Convert only the second IDX/SUB file (Japanese) to SUP.

3. DVDSubEdit 1.5 ***
-Choose the SUP file.
-Run OCR.
-Save the file as SRT.

4. sub2divx 3.3.3. ****
-Choose either of the AVI files (they both have dual audio streams).
-Add the first IDX/SUB file (English)
-Add the SRT file (Japanese)
-Create the DIVX.


Alternative suggestion is to make the AVI with no subs at all, create the IDX/SUB file yourself with the 2 languages, and then mux the subs into the AVI. Just muxing subs won't degrade the AVI. AutoGK can easily create a 2-audio AVI. It can also create an external 2-language IDX/SUB file. Then you can mux the subs into the AVI later on using AVIMux GUI or whatever. It takes next to no time at all to get a 2-sub IDX/SUB file using VobSub Configure or somesuch. Here's a guide:

http://www.doom9.org/dvobsub.htm

Then mux them after the AVI has been created








How To: Digitally backup your DVDs for playback on A2 + Multi-subtitles
Cowon A2

Using XviD codec is in every way, better than DivX and every other format supported by the A2 portable video player. Another great feature of the A2 is its ability to display text-based subtitles as well. This is especially helpful when watching foreign movies or just wanting to have them. In one of the A2's latest firmware updates, there is support for having multiple selectable subtitles. Before this update, if you wanted to change the language of the subtitles, you would have to connect the A2 to your computer, rename the current subtitles to something else, then rename the new alternate-language subtitles with the same prefix as the movie. With multi-subtitle support, this all can be done at the convenience of the on-screen display (abbreviated OSD)

Requirements:
1. PC (XP preferred), since the programs I'm using aren't supported on MAC.
2. DVD Decrypter
3. AutoGK (and all the programs it installs for you)
4. Aspect (http://aspect.fre3.com/) (optional)
5. VLC or any other software DVD player (optional)
6. SubRip (optional)
7. 10 GB of free hard drive space, although probably 5 GB is good enough.

*Note: All of these programs should be installed with default settings.
*Note: You should have your file extensions showing. Turn them off after if you want.
Tutorial:
PART 1 - Ripping the DVD
This is an important part to follow. This step involves copying the necessary DVD files from the DVD disk to your computer's harddrive. Once it is copied, then conversion can take place. You should not convert from your computer's DVD drive directly to XviD on-the-fly because the encoding process may take awhile, and this process won't make encoding any shorter. Also, if you were to do it this way, the constant reading from your DVD drive can cause overheating and damage to the drive.

To get to the guide, follow this:

http://www.doom9.org/
-> Guides -> Ripping -> DVD Decrypter guide -> IFO Mode

Alternatively, you can follow the first step of this guide:

http://www.doom9.org/ -> Guides -> MPEG-4 -> XviD -> Auto Gordian Knot

The latter part of this page leads into the next part of this tutorial; AutoGK.

But before we do that, here are some tips.

Rip only what you are planning to use. If you just want english audio, make sure to only choose english audio. The A2 is capable of multiple audio tracks. Same with subtitles. Really, you want to rip as little as you can so the actual ripping process won't take forever, this is particularly for those with slow DVD-ROM drives and slow computers and not so much HDD space. But if that's not an issue, then go rip as much as you want. This process can take from anywhere between just a few minutes to as much as an hour.

PART 2 - Conversion
This part takes the longest of all the parts. Again, specific encoding times depend on your machine. If you have a very fast machine, you can actually convert this faster than real time if you were to record via the A2 by analog means.

You can continue the guide:

http://www.doom9.org/ -> Guides -> MPEG-4 -> XviD -> Auto Gordian Knot

Or look at the official guide:

http://www.autogk.me.uk/modules.php?name=TutorialEN


PART 2.1 - Aspect


Here are just some pointers to use Aspect.
1. To determind the AR, open one of the ripped .VOB files in DVD software or VLC player. If it plays and the video frame is square-ish, then it's 4:3. If the video frame is wide, and the picture takes up the ENTIRE frame, then it's 16:9. If the frame is wide, but there are slender black bars at the top and bottom, then it's 1.85:1. If it's a wide frame, but has thick black bars at the top and bottom, then it's 2.35:1. Otherwise, you can check for the DVD information online or at http://www.imdb.com/. If you don't want to do that, then just play it on your TV. If it fills the TV screen, 4:3. If the black bars are thin, 16:9; thicker, 2.35:1. Really, 16:9 and 1.85:1 will almost all of the time give you the same width when you Autosize it.
2. Under the Output file box in AutoGK, there is a box that tells you the length of the movie. Use this for Aspect.
3. If you plan on converting to MP3, choose the bitrate. Again, I usually like to use 128. If you want to keep the AC3, then it will usually come in 2 flavors, either 384kbps or 448kbps. Since these are both high figures, you'll most likely need to add on another CD.
4. For the frame rate, choose 23.976 for NTSC DVDs (USA) and 25 for PAL DVDs (Non-USA).
5. For the target size, choose a multiple of 700MB. For MP3 audio, I would only make 1 CD (1 CD = 700 MB). For AC3, choose 2 CDs, or more if the movie is longer. At the same time, the video bitrate should be calculating. You usually want around 1000 kbps for video bitrate. It depends on the type of movie too. For action movies, you want something a bit higher, like around 1500 kbps. For slow paced movies, you can go as low as 700 kbps.
6. When you're happy, hit Autosize. The resolution should come up. The first number is the width. Put this number into AutoGK's advanced settings (fixed width of course). Make sure, in AutoGK, to match the audio bitrate if you choose MP3 (VBR, always) (for AC3, choose Original), and the CD size. You may want CD size so you can backup to CDR later if you want to watch on a DivX DVD Player or something, or choose the size of 1/3 or 1/4 DVDR; whatever floats your boat.

PART 3 - Subtitles

After AutoGK is done, the subtitles come in IDX/SUB format (also split into however many disks you wanted it to make). Subtitles from the DVD are actually pictures of text. The A2 does not support picture-based subtitles, only text-based. We must do this; this is called OCR. This process is the most tedious because if you type in the wrong letter of the picture of the letter, you may have to start all over again. If you use SubRip, there is a way to save the character matrix (a file that tells the program what each picture of a letter means in text), then you can edit it and it'll run through the entire subtitle file again until it reaches the letter you messed up on. This is out of the scope of this guide, but if you need specifics on that, I can help you out.

Here is a guide for SubRip:

http://www.doom9.org/ -> Guides -> Subtitles -> SubRip

Remember to do the same for the other languages. And save them something like movie-english.srt and movie-french.srt.

Alternatively, AutoGK also installs VobSub for you. In the VobSub folder (C:\Program Files\Gabest\Vobsub), there is a utility called subresync. If you open the subtitle (IDX) in it, choose a language in the drop down box, then save it as a SRT or SMI file, it will go into OCR mode in which, again, you will have to enter the corresponding letter for the picture of the letter. I have no link to a guide for this, but I can go into specifics if requested. Again, do the same for the other languages.

PART 4 - Converting and making multi-subtitles

1. Skip this step if you OCR'd using subresync and saved as SMI. Open up your SRT subtitles in subresync (mentioned in last step). Save as .SMI file. Do the same for the other set of alternate-language subtitles. They should be named something like movie-english.smi and movie-french.smi.

2. Open up one of the .SMI files in NOTEPAD. If you OCR'd using subresync, you will probably see ENGLISHCC all over the place, if you chose to do the english subtitles. If you did French subtitles, it will probably also show FRENCHCC or something.

If you OCR'd using subrip, you will see UNKNOWNCC instead.

3. If you used subrip (or downloaded SRT files) and have UNKNOWNCC, then first open one of them in notepad; let's say movie-english.smi. Click Edit -> Replace. Find UNKNOWNCC and replace with ENGLISHCC, replace all. Now open up movie-french.smi in another NOTEPAD window and do the same, but replace with FRENCHCC. Now in your french file, COPY EVERYTHING from the FIRST

line to the LAST

line. Now in the movie-enlgish.smi file (with all the UNKNOWNCC replaced with ENGLISHCC), PASTE what you just copied before the end tag. Put in some carriage returns to make it look neat. You may also want to put in an end tag after the body tag, if it's missing.

4. If you OCR'd using subrip (or downloaded SRT files), saved as SMI, and had to replace all the UNKNOWNCCs, follow this step. Otherwise, skip to the next step. Read through this step anyway. So now in your movie-english.smi, you should have a set of english subtitles with ENGLISHCC and then another set of subtitles after that with FRENCHCC. Before we close this file, take a look at the top portion of textfile. In between the HEADer tags, there are STYLE tags. In between the style tags, you will see one line that says .ENGLISHCC (this used to say .UNKNOWNCC, but remember that we replaced all the UNKNOWNCC with ENGLISHCC). Just copy and paste this entire line (it should be something like: .ENGLISHCC {Name:Unknown; lang:en-US; SAMIType:CC;}), carriage return, and paste it right under it. Now there should be two lines that say the same thing. However, for the second one, rename ENGLISHCC to FRENCHCC (or whatever the other language is). After that, you'll see that the Name for both are Unknown. For the .ENGLISHCC, replace Unknown with English, and for the .FRENCHCC, replace Unknown with French. You'll also notice that there is a en-US. You may need to change it for all the other languages. Here's a handful; en-US, de-DE, es-ES, fr-FR, it-IT, nl-NL, pl-PL, pt-BR, ru-RU, sk-SK. You can probably guess what each of those mean, but if you're not sure what to put, you can just probably leave it alone. I'm not exactly sure if you definately have to do this step, but this is really just making the SMI file correctly without any errors, just like how I suggested to put the end tag at the end; just to finish it.

5. If you OCR'd using subresync, that one line at the top should read something like .ENGLISHCC {Name:English; lang:en-US; SAMIType:CC;}. Similarly, in movie-french.smi, it should have something like .FRENCHCC {Name:FRENCH; lang:fr-FR; SAMIType:CC;}. So copy this line from movie-french.smi, and paste it under the .ENGLISHCC line in movie-english.smi. Again, not sure if you have to do any of this, but it's just doing it correctly to prevent any errors.

5. Repeat steps 3 and 4/5 for every language file. Maybe you have a SPANISH file or whatever else.

4. Now save this and rename movie-english.smi to movie.smi or just save this as a new movie.smi file.

Now transfer the movie and subtitles on your A2 in the same folder and play the movie. If you scroll through the settings to choose anothe language for the subtitles, you'll see some other options that don't do anything. Just make sure to look for ENGLISHCC and FRENCHCC, like our example.

Things to notice:
1. On your computer, make sure to rename your subtitle file with the same prefix as the movie file, like Matrix.avi and Matrix.smi.
2. VobSub also installs another utility, d(irect)vobsub. This allows you to watch the movie in any media player on your computer and have the subtitles show. It won't exactly work correctly with our multi-language .smi file; it'll display all languages at once, which isn't what we want.
3. The SRT file is good to have because most DivX Certified DVD Players work the best with SRT files.
4. When encoding, you could've had multiple audio streams. The A2 lets you choose whatever you want.
5. If you want to backup your AVI and subtitle files to disk, just burn as data.
6. In the SMI file, at the top, in the STYLE tags, you will see margin and font information. There's no need to edit any of this, and editing it will not make it look any different on the A2. However, this information will most likely change how the subtitles are viewed on the computer.
7. Not all special characters are supported when OCRing. There's nothing you can do; it is based on the A2 firmware.






With Ashampoo Movie Shrink substitle (hard) are automatically included when subs file are in the same directory and have the same title as the movie file.

Conversion to Divx:
CovertXtoDVD in conjunction with TMPGEnc 4.0 XPress
Resolution Stretch or full screen to TV size
AR(Aspect Ratio)
720X480 NTSC
720X576 PAL

[Select Full for Zoom Options and 720X480 NTSC or 720X576 PAL to have wide screen without black bars above & below it] [Increase video birate (to avoid mosiac pixels) from 1000 to 1500 as to size preference]

ZOOM options:-
1)letterbox-Letterboxing is the practice of transferring film shot in a widescreen aspect ratio to standard-width video formats while preserving the film's original aspect ratio. The resulting videographic image has mattes (black bars) above and below it; these mattes are part of the image (i.e., of each frame of the video signal). LTBX is the identifying abbreviation for films and images so formatted. The term refers to the shape of a letter box, a slot in a wall or door through which mail is delivered, being rectangular and wider than it is high.


2) medium -



3) Pan & Scan
Pan and scan is one method of adjusting widescreen film images so that they can be shown within the proportions of a standard definition 4:3 aspect ratio television screen, often cropping off the sides of the original widescreen image to focus on the composition's most important aspects.

4) full -



How to create a hard sub





What you will need:

* Virtualdub
* SSA-Hardsub filter plugin for Virtualdub
* Aegisub

Using Aegisub for timing and typesetting.

You can import subtitles from nearly every format, even plain txt files. The most important buttons to Aegisub are found in this screenshot:
Right Click to view image in bigger size


The most important hotkeys are ctrl+3 and ctrl+4 which set start and end time of the sub. If you wish you can import a txt file in aegisub first, export as *.srt and do your timings in Subtitle Workshop if you prefer this program for rough timings.

Always create your styles in the storage first in the style manager. Many times you will need to reuse styles for follow up episodes, etc.

Aegisub can sub-to-video and sub-to-audio. Some subbers prefer the ‘audio only’ modus. I wouldn’t recommend this as the only thing to time to, because sometimes you may want to adapt your sub to scene changes. From the video menu you are able to load your video file. When you’ve loaded your video file, in the audio menu you can now select ‘load audio from video’. It’s something I’d only recommend when you’re going to do Karaoke.

Exporting to SSA

Aegisub works in the format *.ass. You will need to export your work to *.ssa for it to be ready to create a hardsub. Go to the File menu -> Export Subtitles. This time, select format *ssa.

Using Virtualdub / SSA Plugin to hardsub

When your file is completely done you can proceed to create the hardsub. For this load your RAW video into virtualdub and go to the filters menu under Video. Look up the newly installed “Subtitler” filter. Select your subtitle file in *.ssa and preview. If everything is ok, set all your compression options and go to the file menu to ‘Save as Avi’. Now you have created your first hardsub.




Easy solution to Convert Soft Subs To Hard Subs
You have many avi/srt files that you wish to create hard-subbed DVDs with. there are lots of method around, nere is an easy solution.It burns the subtitles directly onto the file, so you don't have to worry about whether or not your player supports subs or not. (hardsubs (i.e. the subtitles become a part of the actual video). softsubs (the subtitles are included with the video, but are not a part of the video and so they can )

be turned off.

1. Obtain AVI ReComp (free), a Windows only program (run under Parallels if you only own a Mac).
AVI ReComp allows you to recompress your AVI files. For the time being the program uses only XviD codec to recompression process (versions: 1.0.3 or newer). The installation pack contains all required components (the newest versions of: VirtualDubMod, AviSynth and XviD). AVI ReComp can be very useful for users who want to prepare their clips for standalone DVD players. The program contains the feature of embedding subtitles into video. So if you want burnt in subtitles, you can use this software. Additionally the newest versions allow you to add black borders to your movie and place your subtitles on them. You can also adjust all settings for ssa and ass subtitles (style, colour, position).

2. Set up Source & Output (Open AVI, Save AVI, New AVI Size)
3. Set up Additions (check Enable under Load Subtitles and navigate to the srt file ... experiment with Black Borders if you want very large subs)
4. Set up Settings (Process priority to Normal)
5. Set up Queue (Add to queue, Start)

AVI_ReComp will then create a new avi file with hard-subs.

For Mac users, take that new avi file to VisualHub and create the DVD. VisualHub, a leading video encoding tool for Mac OS X might live again thanks to the open source community. VisualHub gets reborn as FilmRedux, goes open source. If you're in the market for video trans-coding utilities and you missed VisualHub or iSquint, you can always try Elgato Turbo H.264 (hardware and software) or RoadMovie.

During early October 2008, Techspansion, the developer of two very popular Mac OS X video conversion tools -- iSquint and VisualHub -- was shutting shop left the Mac community feeling a little, well, empty. Both apps made it easy to convert videos for playback on an iPod, while VisualHub added the capability to convert to PSP, DV, DVD, AVI, MP4, WMV, MPEG and even Flash.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
With ".001avi" or "avi.001" file extension
Download ALL parts and join with HJSplit before watching







Guide To Understanding The Movie Releases
This great FAQ should be helpful for all the n00bs who are wondering what telesync, CAM, screeners etc are.

Sources

CAM
A cam is a theater rip usually done with a digital video camera. A mini tripod is sometimes used, but a lot of the time this wont be possible, so the camera make shake. Also seating placement isn't always idle, and it might be filmed from an angle. If cropped properly, this is hard to tell unless there's text on the screen, but a lot of times these are left with triangular borders on the top and bottom of the screen. Sound is taken from the onboard microphone of the camera, and especially in comedies, laughter can often be heard during the film. Due to these factors picture and sound quality are usually quite poor, but sometimes we're lucky, and the theater will be fairly empty and a fairly clear signal will be heard.

TELESYNC (TS)
A telesync is the same spec as a CAM except it uses an external audio source (most likely an audio jack in the chair for hard of hearing people). A direct audio source does not ensure a good quality audio source, as a lot of background noise can interfere. A lot of the times a telesync is filmed in an empty cinema or from the projection booth with a professional camera, giving a better picture quality. Quality ranges drastically, check the sample before downloading the full release. A high percentage of Telesyncs are CAMs that have been mislabeled.

TELECINE (TC)
A telecine machine copies the film digitally from the reels. Sound and picture should be very good, but due to the equipment involved and cost telecines are fairly uncommon. Generally the film will be in correct aspect ratio, although 4:3 telecines have existed. A great example is the JURASSIC PARK 3 TC done last year. TC should not be confused with TimeCode , which is a visible counter on screen throughout the film.


DVD-SCREENER (DVDscr)
Same premise as a screener, but transferred off a DVD. Usually letterbox , but without the extras that a DVD retail would contain. The ticker is not usually in the black bars, and will disrupt the viewing. If the ripper has any skill, a DVDscr should be very good. Usually transferred to SVCD or DivX/XviD.

R5 LINE (R5)
R5 refers to a specific format of DVD released in DVD Region 5, the former Soviet Union, and bootlegged copies of these releases that are distributed on the Internet. In an effort to compete with movie piracy, the movie industry chose to create a new format for DVD releases that could be produced more quickly and less expensively than traditional DVD releases. R5 releases differ from normal releases in that they are usually a direct Telecine transfer of the film without any of the image processing common on DVD releases, and without any special features. This allows the film to be released for sale at the same time that DVD Screeners are released. Since DVD Screeners are the chief source of high-quality pre-DVD release pirated movies, this allows the movie studios to beat the pirates to market. In some cases, R5 DVDs may be released without an English audio track, requiring pirates to use the direct line audio from the film's theatrical release. In this case, the pirated release should be tagged with ".LINE" to distinguish it from a release with a DVD audio track.

The image quality of an R5 release is generally comparable to a DVD Screener release, except without the added scrolling text and black and white scenes that serve to distinguish screeners from commercial DVD releases. The quality is better than Telecine transfers produced by movie pirates because the transfer is performed using professional-grade film scanning equipment.

DVDRip
A copy of the final released DVD. If possible this is released PRE retail (for example, Star Wars episode 2) again, should be excellent quality. DVDrips are released in SVCD and DivX/XviD.

DVDR
A DVDR is called DVD Replica which means the exact image of the disc. Replicas feature the bonus features along with the menus and everything that come with the standard DVD that would be sold on the market. DVDR's are released here before they are released in the stores.

TVRip
TV episode that is either from Network (capped using digital cable/satellite boxes are preferable) or PRE-AIR from satellite feeds sending the program around to networks a few days earlier (do not contain "dogs" but sometimes have flickers etc) Some programs such as WWF Raw Is War contain extra parts, and the "dark matches" and camera/commentary tests are included on the rips. PDTV is capped from a digital TV PCI card, generally giving the best results, and groups tend to release in SVCD for these. VCD/SVCD/DivX/XviD rips are all supported by the TV scene.

WORKPRINT (WP)
A workprint is a copy of the film that has not been finished. It can be missing scenes, music, and quality can range from excellent to very poor. Some WPs are very different from the final print (Men In Black is missing all the aliens, and has actors in their places) and others can contain extra scenes (Jay and Silent Bob) . WPs can be nice additions to the collection once a good quality final has been obtained.

DivX Re-Enc
A DivX re-enc is a film that has been taken from its original VCD source, and re-encoded into a small DivX file. Most commonly found on file sharers, these are usually labeled something like Film.Name.Group(1of2) etc. Common groups are SMR and TND. These aren't really worth downloading, unless you're that unsure about a film u only want a 200mb copy of it. Generally avoid.

Watermarks
A lot of films come from Asian Silvers/PDVD (see below) and these are tagged by the people responsible. Usually with a letter/initials or a little logo, generally in one of the corners. Most famous are the "Z" "A" and "Globe" watermarks.

Asian Silvers / PDVD
These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available in a lot of countries, and its easy to put out a release, which is why there are so many in the scene at the moment, mainly from smaller groups who don't last more than a few releases. PDVDs are the same thing pressed onto a DVD. They have removable subtitles, and the quality is usually better than the silvers. These are ripped like a normal DVD, but usually released as VCD.

Formats

VCD
VCD is an mpeg1 based format, with a constant bitrate of 1150kbit at a resolution of 352ÃÃâ€*’â₉€Ã‚Â�240 (NTCS). VCDs are generally used for lower quality transfers (CAM/TS/TC/Screener(VHS)/TVrip(analogue) in order to make smaller file sizes, and fit as much on a single disc as possible. Both VCDs and SVCDs are timed in minutes, rather than MB, so when looking at an mpeg, it may appear larger than the disc capacity, and in reality u can fit 74min on a CDR74.

SVCD
SVCD is an mpeg2 based (same as DVD) which allows variable bit-rates of up to 2500kbits at a resolution of 480ÃÃâ€*’â₉€Ã‚Â�480 (NTSC) which is then decompressed into a 4:3 aspect ratio when played back. Due to the variable bit-rate, the length you can fit on a single CDR is not fixed, but generally between 35-60 Mins are the most common. To get a better SVCD encode using variable bit-rates, it is important to use multiple "passes". this takes a lot longer, but the results are far clearer.

XVCD/XSVCD
These are basically VCD/SVCD that don't obey the "rules". They are both capable of much higher resolutions and bit-rates, but it all depends on the player to whether the disc can be played. X(S)VCD are total non-standards, and are usually for home-ripping by people who don't intend to release them.

DivX / XviD
DivX is a format designed for multimedia platforms. It uses two codecs, one low motion, one high motion. most older films were encoded in low motion only, and they have problems with high motion too. A method known as SBC (Smart Bit-rate Control) was developed which switches codecs at the encoding stage, making a much better print. The format is Ana orphic and the bit-rate/resolution are interchangeable. The majority of PROPER DivX rips (not Re-Encs) are taken from DVDs, and generally up to 2hours in good quality is possible per disc. Various codecs exist, most popular being the original Divx3.11a and the new XviD codecs.

DVD-R
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can be burnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.

MiniDVD
MiniDVD/cDVD is the same format as DVD but on a standard CDR/CDRW. Because of the high resolution/bit-rates, its only possible to fit about 18-21 mins of footage per disc, and the format is only compatible with a few players.

Misc Info

Regional Coding
This was designed to stop people buying American DVDs and watching them earlier in other countries, or for older films where world distribution is handled by different companies. A lot of players can either be hacked with a chip, or via a remote to disable this.

RCE
RCE (Regional Coding Enhancement) was designed to overcome "Multiregion" players, but it had a lot of faults and was overcome. Very few titles are RCE encoded now, and it was very unpopular.

Macrovision
Macrovision is the copy protection employed on most commercial DVDs. Its a system that will display lines and darken the images of copies that are made by sending the VHS signals it can't understand. Certain DVD players (for example the Dansai 852 from Tescos) have a secret menu where you can disable the macrovision, or a "video stabaliser" costs about 30UKP from Maplin (www.maplin.co.uk)

NTSC/PAL
NTSC and PAL are the two main standards used across the world. NTSC has a higher frame rate than pal (29fps compared to 25fps) but PAL has an increased resolution, and gives off a generally sharper picture. Playing NTSC discs on PAL systems seems a lot easier than vice-versa, which is good news for the Brits icon_smile.gif An RGB enabled scart lead will play an NTSC picture in full colour on most modern tv sets, but to record this to a VHS tape, you will need to convert it to PAL50 (not PAL60 as the majority of DVD players do.) This is either achieved by an expensive converter box (in the regions of £200+) an onboard converter (such as the Dansai 852 / certain Daewoos / Samsung 709 ) or using a World Standards VCR which can record in any format.

Release Files

RARset
The movies are all supplied in RAR form, whether its v2 (rar>.rxx) or v3 (part01.rar > partxx.rar) form.

BIN/CUE
VCD and SVCD films will extract to give a BIN/CUE. Load the .CUE into notepad and make sure the first line contains only a filename, and no path information. Then load the cue into Nero/CDRWin etc and this will burn the VCD/SVCD correctly. TV rips are released as MPEG. DivX files are just the plain DivX - .AVI

NFO
An NFO file is supplied with each movie to promote the group, and give general iNFOrmation about the release, such as format, source, size, and any notes that may be of use. They are also used to recruit members and acquire hardware for the group.


Usenet Information


Format
Usenet posts are often the same as those listed on VCDQUALiTY (i.e., untouched group releases) but you have to check the filenames and the description to make sure you get what you think you are getting. Generally releases should come down in .RAR sets. Posts will usually take more than one day to be uploaded, and can be spread out as far as a week.

Scene Tags

PROPER
Due to scene rules, whoever releases the first Telesync has won that race (for example). But if the quality of that release is fairly poor, if another group has another telesync (or the same source in higher quality) then the tag PROPER is added to the folder to avoid being duped. PROPER is the most subjective tag in the scene, and a lot of people will generally argue whether the PROPER is better than the original release. A lot of groups release PROPERS just out of desperation due to losing the race. A reason for the PROPER should always be included in the NFO.

SUBBED
In the case of a VCD, if a release is subbed, it usually means it has hard encoded subtitles burnt throughout the movie. These are generally in malaysian/chinese/thai etc, and sometimes there are two different languages, which can take up quite a large amount of the screen. SVCD supports switch able subtitles, so some DVDRips are released with switch able subs. This will be mentioned in the NFO file if included.

UNSUBBED
When a film has had a subbed release in the past, an Unsubbed release may be released

LIMITED
A limited movie means it has had a limited theater run, generally opening in less than 250 theaters, generally smaller films (such as art house films) are released as limited.

INTERNAL
An internal release is done for several reasons. Classic DVD groups do a lot of .INTERNAL. releases, as they wont be dupe'd on it. Also lower quality theater rips are done INTERNAL so not to lower the reputation of the group, or due to the amount of rips done already. An INTERNAL release is available as normal on the groups affiliate sites, but they can't be traded to other sites without request from the site ops. Some INTERNAL releases still trickle down to IRC/Newsgroups, it usually depends on the title and the popularity. Earlier in the year people referred to Centropy going "internal". This meant the group were only releasing the movies to their members and site ops. This is in a different context to the usual definition.


ASPECT RATIO TAGS
These are *WS* for widescreen (letterbox) and *FS* for Fullscreen.




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